DFC | Chicago's LSCs: What the Research Says

Endnotes

1 U.S. Census Bureau (1999, August). 1997 Census of Governments. Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.

2 Ibid.

3 Michael Katz (1988, December). First reliable evidence shows major positive impact of Chicago's 1988 school reform law. Unpublished Statement.

4 Donald R. Moore (1990). Voice and choice in Chicago. In Choice and control in American education: The practice of choice, decentralization and school restructuring, Volume 2. Bristol, PA: Falmer Press, pp. 153-198.

5 Susan R. Ryan, Anthony S. Bryk, Gudelia Lopez, and Kimberly P. Williams (1997, December). Charting reform: LSCs - Local leadership at work. Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research.

6 Designs for Change (1998, April). What makes these schools stand out: Chicago elementary schools with a seven-year trend of improved reading achievement. Chicago: Author.

7 Jonathan Alter (1998, June 22). Chicago's last hope: For urban public schools, this is it: If Mayor Daley's reform fails, get ready for vouchers. Newsweek.

8 Donald R. Moore (1990).

9 Mary O'Connell (1991). School reform Chicago style: How citizens organized to change public policy. Chicago: Center for Neighborhood Technology; Charles L. Kyle and E. R. Kantowicz (1992). Kids first - Primero los niños. Springfield, IL: Sangamon State University Press.

10 Herbert J. Walberg (1989, February). District size and student learning. Education and Urban Society 21(2): 154-163; Craig B. Howley (1989, Fall). Synthesis of effects of school and school district size. Journal of Rural and Small Schools 4(1): 2-12.

11 Moore (1990).

12 David Rogers and Norman H. Chung (1993). 110 Livingston Street revisited: Decentralization in Action. New York: New York University Press; Calvert H. Smith (1973). Decentralization in Detroit: A study of a school system in transition. Detroit: The Board of Education of the School District of the City of Detroit.

13 Betty Malen, Rodney T. Ogawa, and Jennifer Kranz (1990). What do we know about school-based management? A case study of the literature - A call to research. In Choice and control in American education: The practice of choice, decentralization and school restructuring, Volume 2. Bristol, PA: Falmer Press, pp. 289-342.

14 Ryan.

15 Ibid., p 43-44.

16 Ibid., p. 6.

17 Ibid., p. 6; QT-02 Profile of selected social characteristics: 2000. Online at factfinder.census.gov

18 Ryan, p. 11.

19 Designs for Change (1991, February). Closer Look. Chicago: Author.

20 Ibid.

21 Ryan, p. 40.

22 Ibid., p. 18.

23 Ibid., p. 29.

24 Ibid., p. 21.

25 Ibid., p. 20.

26 Ibid., p. 22.

27 Ibid., p. 23.

28 Ibid., p. 23.

29 Ibid., p. 24.

30 Ibid., p. 24.

31 Ibid., pp. 22-23.

32 Ibid., p. 40.

33 Ibid., p. 40.

34 Ibid., p. 40.

35 Ibid., p. 9.

36 See, for example, Penny Bender Sebring, Anthony S. Bryk, Melissa Roderick, Eric Camburn, et al. (1996, July). Charting reform in Chicago: The students speak. Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research; G. Alfred Hess, Jr. and Solomon Cytrynbaum (1997, December). The effort to redesign Chicago high schools: Its effects on schools and achievement. Evanston: Center for Urban and Social Policy, Northwestern University.

37 Ryan, p. 26.

38 Ibid., pp. 25-28.

39 Ibid., pp. 31, 32, 35, 36.

40 Ryan, p. 31.

41 Susan R. Ryan, Anthony S. Bryk, Gudelia Lopez, and Kimberly P. Williams (1997, December). Charting reform: LSCs - Local leadership at work, Executive Summary. Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research, p. 4.

42 Ryan, p. 43-44.

43 Designs for Change (1998, April).; Designs for Change (1998, April). What Makes These Schools Stand Out, Summary. Chicago: Author.

44 Designs for Change (1998, April). Summary, pp. 4-15.

45 Designs for Change (1998, April). Summary, pp. 9-10.

46 Designs for Change (1998, April). Summary, p. 15.

47 Designs for Change (2001, March). Chicago Test Score Research Shows that School-Level Initiative Brings the Largest Sustained Reading Gains. Chicago: Author.

48 See, for example, Easton, et al. (1993, March). Local school council governance: The third year of Chicago school reform. Chicago: Chicago Panel on Public School Policy and Finance.

49 Linda Lenz (1997, December). Priming the pump. What matters most: Principals. Catalyst, 9(4): 3.

50 Designs for Change (1990, March). Chicago principals: Changing of the guard. Chicago: Author.

51 Elizabeth Duffrin (1999, April). 97% of principals retained, none rated unsatisfactory. Catalyst, 10(7): 1, 27-31.

52 Michael Hawthorne (1996, June). Legislature gives board power to add principal hiring requirements. Catalyst, 7(9): 26.

53 Ibid.

54 Duffrin.

55 Ibid.; Designs for Change (1999, April). Unanswered questions about Senate Bill 652. Fact Sheet, pp. 1-6.

56 Duffrin.

57 Duffrin.

58 Designs for Change (1999, May 27). Summary analysis of Senate Bill 652 - A comparison of (1) March 1999 bill proposed by the Chicago Board and (2) Bill finally passed by the General Assembly. Fact Sheet.

59 Schools First (1999, April). Now or never for LSCs! Fact Sheet. Chicago: Author.

60 Ibid.

61 Ibid.

62 Chicago Public Schools (2001, October). CPS principal contracts: Updated as of 10/10/01. Chicago: Author.

63 Online address is www.designsforchange.org

64 Dan Weissmann (2000, April). Huge efforts generate only two more candidates. Catalyst, 11(7): 18-21, 26.

65 Designs for Change (1989, October 5). Shattering the Stereotypes: Candidate participation in the Chicago Local School Council elections. Chicago: Author. p. 2.

66 Leadership for Quality Education (2000, May). LSC 2000 campaign: A new approach to electing Local School Councils. Chicago: Author. p.5.

67 Ibid.

68 Catalyst (1996, May). Did community groups have an impact? 7(2): 1, 25.

69 Abby Goodnough (2002, February 5). School boards lose support of minorities in Assembly. New York Times.

70 Ryan, p. 28.

71 Chicago Reform Board of Trustees (1996, March 22). Amendments to code of ethics to clarify obligations of newly elected or appointed Local School Council members (96-0827-PO7).

72 Michelle Campbell and Michael Sneed (1997, February 4). School funds used to push terrorists' release. Chicago Sun-Times, pp.1-2.

73 Illinois House of Representatives Special Committee (1999, January 13). Final Report: Special Committee on Roberto Clemente Community Academy in Chicago and State Chapter 1 education funding. Springfield, IL: Author.

74 Ibid.

75 Personal interview with Chicago Tribune reporter Matt O'Connor, (2002, February).

76 Susan Imel (1998). Using adult learning principles in adult basic and literacy education. Practice application brief. Online at ericacve.org/docs/pab00008.htm

77 Designs for Change (1998, April). Summary, p. 6.

78 G. Alred Hess, Jr. and Solomon Cytrynbaum; Elaine Allensworth and John Q. Easton (2001, March). Calculating a cohort dropout rate for the Chicago Public Schools. Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research.

79 Imel.

80 Chicago Public Schools (2000). Local School Council Training Manual. Chicago: Author.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Report Summary Research Should Guide the Debate About Chicago's Local School Councils Original Framework and Rationale for Chicago's Local School Councils Findings from "LSCs -- Local Leadership At Work" (CCSR) Findings from "What Make These Schools Stand Out" (DFC) Other Research Evidence Interpretative Summary Endnotes		Chicago's Local School Councils: What the Research Says by Donald R. Moore & Gail Merritt, Designs for Change January 2002
		Endnotes 1 U.S. Census Bureau (1999, August). 1997 Census of Governments. Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 2 Ibid. 3 Michael Katz (1988, December). First reliable evidence shows major positive impact of Chicago's 1988 school reform law. Unpublished Statement. 4 Donald R. Moore (1990). Voice and choice in Chicago. In Choice and control in American education: The practice of choice, decentralization and school restructuring, Volume 2. Bristol, PA: Falmer Press, pp. 153-198. 5 Susan R. Ryan, Anthony S. Bryk, Gudelia Lopez, and Kimberly P. Williams (1997, December). Charting reform: LSCs - Local leadership at work. Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research. 6 Designs for Change (1998, April). What makes these schools stand out: Chicago elementary schools with a seven-year trend of improved reading achievement. Chicago: Author. 7 Jonathan Alter (1998, June 22). Chicago's last hope: For urban public schools, this is it: If Mayor Daley's reform fails, get ready for vouchers. Newsweek. 8 Donald R. Moore (1990). 9 Mary O'Connell (1991). School reform Chicago style: How citizens organized to change public policy. Chicago: Center for Neighborhood Technology; Charles L. Kyle and E. R. Kantowicz (1992). Kids first - Primero los niños. Springfield, IL: Sangamon State University Press. 10 Herbert J. Walberg (1989, February). District size and student learning. Education and Urban Society 21(2): 154-163; Craig B. Howley (1989, Fall). Synthesis of effects of school and school district size. Journal of Rural and Small Schools 4(1): 2-12. 11 Moore (1990). 12 David Rogers and Norman H. Chung (1993). 110 Livingston Street revisited: Decentralization in Action. New York: New York University Press; Calvert H. Smith (1973). Decentralization in Detroit: A study of a school system in transition. Detroit: The Board of Education of the School District of the City of Detroit. 13 Betty Malen, Rodney T. Ogawa, and Jennifer Kranz (1990). What do we know about school-based management? A case study of the literature - A call to research. In Choice and control in American education: The practice of choice, decentralization and school restructuring, Volume 2. Bristol, PA: Falmer Press, pp. 289-342. 14 Ryan. 15 Ibid., p 43-44. 16 Ibid., p. 6. 17 Ibid., p. 6; QT-02 Profile of selected social characteristics: 2000. Online at factfinder.census.gov 18 Ryan, p. 11. 19 Designs for Change (1991, February). Closer Look. Chicago: Author. 20 Ibid. 21 Ryan, p. 40. 22 Ibid., p. 18. 23 Ibid., p. 29. 24 Ibid., p. 21. 25 Ibid., p. 20. 26 Ibid., p. 22. 27 Ibid., p. 23. 28 Ibid., p. 23. 29 Ibid., p. 24. 30 Ibid., p. 24. 31 Ibid., pp. 22-23. 32 Ibid., p. 40. 33 Ibid., p. 40. 34 Ibid., p. 40. 35 Ibid., p. 9. 36 See, for example, Penny Bender Sebring, Anthony S. Bryk, Melissa Roderick, Eric Camburn, et al. (1996, July). Charting reform in Chicago: The students speak. Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research; G. Alfred Hess, Jr. and Solomon Cytrynbaum (1997, December). The effort to redesign Chicago high schools: Its effects on schools and achievement. Evanston: Center for Urban and Social Policy, Northwestern University. 37 Ryan, p. 26. 38 Ibid., pp. 25-28. 39 Ibid., pp. 31, 32, 35, 36. 40 Ryan, p. 31. 41 Susan R. Ryan, Anthony S. Bryk, Gudelia Lopez, and Kimberly P. Williams (1997, December). Charting reform: LSCs - Local leadership at work, Executive Summary. Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research, p. 4. 42 Ryan, p. 43-44. 43 Designs for Change (1998, April).; Designs for Change (1998, April). What Makes These Schools Stand Out, Summary. Chicago: Author. 44 Designs for Change (1998, April). Summary, pp. 4-15. 45 Designs for Change (1998, April). Summary, pp. 9-10. 46 Designs for Change (1998, April). Summary, p. 15. 47 Designs for Change (2001, March). Chicago Test Score Research Shows that School-Level Initiative Brings the Largest Sustained Reading Gains. Chicago: Author. 48 See, for example, Easton, et al. (1993, March). Local school council governance: The third year of Chicago school reform. Chicago: Chicago Panel on Public School Policy and Finance. 49 Linda Lenz (1997, December). Priming the pump. What matters most: Principals. Catalyst, 9(4): 3. 50 Designs for Change (1990, March). Chicago principals: Changing of the guard. Chicago: Author. 51 Elizabeth Duffrin (1999, April). 97% of principals retained, none rated unsatisfactory. Catalyst, 10(7): 1, 27-31. 52 Michael Hawthorne (1996, June). Legislature gives board power to add principal hiring requirements. Catalyst, 7(9): 26. 53 Ibid. 54 Duffrin. 55 Ibid.; Designs for Change (1999, April). Unanswered questions about Senate Bill 652. Fact Sheet, pp. 1-6. 56 Duffrin. 57 Duffrin. 58 Designs for Change (1999, May 27). Summary analysis of Senate Bill 652 - A comparison of (1) March 1999 bill proposed by the Chicago Board and (2) Bill finally passed by the General Assembly. Fact Sheet. 59 Schools First (1999, April). Now or never for LSCs! Fact Sheet. Chicago: Author. 60 Ibid. 61 Ibid. 62 Chicago Public Schools (2001, October). CPS principal contracts: Updated as of 10/10/01. Chicago: Author. 63 Online address is www.designsforchange.org 64 Dan Weissmann (2000, April). Huge efforts generate only two more candidates. Catalyst, 11(7): 18-21, 26. 65 Designs for Change (1989, October 5). Shattering the Stereotypes: Candidate participation in the Chicago Local School Council elections. Chicago: Author. p. 2. 66 Leadership for Quality Education (2000, May). LSC 2000 campaign: A new approach to electing Local School Councils. Chicago: Author. p.5. 67 Ibid. 68 Catalyst (1996, May). Did community groups have an impact? 7(2): 1, 25. 69 Abby Goodnough (2002, February 5). School boards lose support of minorities in Assembly. New York Times. 70 Ryan, p. 28. 71 Chicago Reform Board of Trustees (1996, March 22). Amendments to code of ethics to clarify obligations of newly elected or appointed Local School Council members (96-0827-PO7). 72 Michelle Campbell and Michael Sneed (1997, February 4). School funds used to push terrorists' release. Chicago Sun-Times, pp.1-2. 73 Illinois House of Representatives Special Committee (1999, January 13). Final Report: Special Committee on Roberto Clemente Community Academy in Chicago and State Chapter 1 education funding. Springfield, IL: Author. 74 Ibid. 75 Personal interview with Chicago Tribune reporter Matt O'Connor, (2002, February). 76 Susan Imel (1998). Using adult learning principles in adult basic and literacy education. Practice application brief. Online at ericacve.org/docs/pab00008.htm 77 Designs for Change (1998, April). Summary, p. 6. 78 G. Alred Hess, Jr. and Solomon Cytrynbaum; Elaine Allensworth and John Q. Easton (2001, March). Calculating a cohort dropout rate for the Chicago Public Schools. Chicago: Consortium on Chicago School Research. 79 Imel. 80 Chicago Public Schools (2000). Local School Council Training Manual. Chicago: Author. return to DFC Home download a pdf file of this report